Nakshatras
Nakshatra is the term for lunar mansion in Hindu astrology. A nakshatra is one of 27 (sometimes also 28) sectors along the ecliptic. Their names are related to the most prominent asterisms in the respective sectors.
The starting point for the nakshatras is the point on the ecliptic directly opposite to the star Spica called Chitr? in Sanskrit (other slightly different definitions exist). It is called Mesh?di or the “start of Aries”.[citation needed] The ecliptic is divided into each of the nakshatras eastwards starting from this point. The number of nakshatras reflects the number of days in a sidereal month (modern value: 27.32 days), that the width of a nakshatra is traversed by the moon in about one day. Each nakshatra is further subdivided into quarters (or padas) These play a role in popular Hindu astrology, where each pada is associated with a syllable, conventionally chosen as the first syllable of the given name of a child born when the moon was in the corresponding pada.
The nakshatras of traditional bhartiya astronomy are based on a list of 28 asterisms found in the Atharvaveda and also in the Shatapatha Brahmana. The first astronomical text that lists them is the Vedanga Jyotisha.
In classical Hindu mythology (Mahabharata, Harivamsa), the creation of the nakshatras is attributed to Daksha. They are personified as daughters of the deity and as mythological wives of Chandra, the moon god, or alternatively the daughters of Kashyapa, the brother of Daksha.
Each of the nakshatras is governed as ‘lord’ by one of the nine graha in the following sequence: Ketu (South Lunar Node), Shukra (Venus), Ravi or Surya (Sun), Chandra (Moon), Mangala (Mars), Rahu (North Lunar Node), Guru or Brihaspati (Jupiter), Shani (Saturn) and Budha (Mercury). This cycle repeats itself three times to cover all 27 nakshatras. The lord of each nakshatra determines the planetary period known as the dasha, which is considered of major importance in forecasting the life path of the individual in Hindu astrology.
In Vedic Sanskrit, the term nák?atra may refer to any heavenly body, or to “the stars” collectively. The classical sense of “lunar mansion” is first found in the Atharvaveda, and becomes the primary meaning of the term in Classical Sanskrit.
List of Nakshatras
The classical list of 27 nakshatras is first found in the Vedanga Jyotisha, a text dated to the final centuries BCE. The nakshatra system predates the influence of Hellenistic astronomy on vedic tradition, which became prevalent from about the 2nd century CE.
In Hindu astronomy, there was an older tradition of 28 Nakshatras which were used as celestial markers in the heavens. When these were mapped into equal divisions of the ecliptic, a division of 27 portions was adopted since that resulted in a cleaner definition of each portion (i.e. segment) subtending 13° 20′ (as opposed to 12° 51 3/7’ in the case of 28 segments). In the process, the Nakshatra Abhijit was left out without a portion[3]:179. The Surya Siddhantha concisely specifies the coordinates of the twenty seven Nakshatras
The following list of nakshatras gives the corresponding regions of sky, following Basham.
| No. | Name | Associated stars | Description | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ashvini “wife of the Ashvins” |
β and γ Arietis |
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| 2; 7 | Bharani “the bearer” |
35, 39, and 41 Arietis |
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| 3 | Krittika an old name of the Pleiades; personified as the nurses of Kārttikeya, a son of Shiva. |
Pleiades |
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| 4; 9 | Rohini “the red one”, a name of Aldebaran. Also known as brāhmī |
Aldebaran |
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| 5; 3 | Mrigashīrsha “the deer’s head”. Also known as āgrahāyaṇī |
λ, φ Orionis |
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| 6; 4 | Ardra “the moist one” |
Betelgeuse |
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| 7; 5 | Punarvasu (dual) “the two restorers of goods”, also known as yamakau “the two chariots” |
Castor and Pollux |
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| 8; 6 | Pushya “the nourisher”, also known as sidhya or tiṣya |
γ, δ and θ Cancri |
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| 9; 7 | Āshleshā “the embrace” |
δ, ε, η, ρ, and σ Hydrae |
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| 10; 15 | Maghā “the bountiful” |
Regulus |
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| 11 | Pūrva Phalgunī “first reddish one” |
δ and θ Leonis |
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| 12 | Uttara Phalgunī “second reddish one” |
Denebola |
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| 13 | Hasta “the hand” |
α, β, γ, δ and ε Corvi |
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| 14 | Chitra “the bright one”, a name of Spica |
Spica |
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| 15 | Svāti “Su-Ati (sanskrit) Very good” name of Arcturus |
Arcturus |
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| 16; 14 | Visakha “forked, having branches”; also known as rādhā “the gift” |
α, β, γ and ι Librae |
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| 17 | Anuradha “following rādhā“ |
β, δ and π Scorpionis |
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| 18; 16 | Jyeshtha “the eldest, most excellent” |
α, σ, and τ Scorpionis |
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| 19; 17 | Mula “the root” |
ε, ζ, η, θ, ι, κ, λ, μ and ν Scorpionis |
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| 20; 18 | Purva Ashadha “first of the aṣāḍhā“, aṣāḍhā “the invincible one” being the name of a constellation |
δ and ε Sagittarii |
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| 21 | Uttara Ashadha “second of the aṣāḍhā“ |
ζ and σ Sagittarii |
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| 22; 20 | Abhijit “victorious”[5] |
α, ε and ζ Lyrae – Vega | Lord: Brahma | |
| 23; 20 | Sravana | α, β and γ Aquilae |
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| 24; 21; 23 | Dhanishta “most famous”, also Shravishthā “swiftest” |
α to δ Delphini |
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| 24; 22 | Shatabhisha “requiring a hundred physicians” |
γ Aquarii |
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| 25; 3 | Purva Bhadrapada “the first of the blessed feet” |
α and β Pegasi |
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| 26; 4 | Uttara Bhādrapadā “the second of the blessed feet” |
γ Pegasi and α Andromedae |
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| 27; 5 | Revati “prosperous” |
ζ Piscium |
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